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HMS ''Seraph'' (pennant number P219) was an S-class submarine of the British Royal Navy. She carried out a number of intelligence and special operations activities during World War II, the most famous of which was Operation Mincemeat. ''Seraph'' was one of the third batch of S-class submarines, built by Vickers Armstrong at Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 16 August 1940, launched on 25 October 1941 and commissioned on 27 June 1942. After going through her working up trials she carried out a fourteen-day patrol off Norway in July. On her way to the Mediterranean she was attacked in error by an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley bomber of the Royal Air Force at Cape Finisterre, although she did not suffer any damage. She was afterwards assigned to the 8th Submarine Flotilla in the Mediterranean on 25 August; she found herself selected to carry out special operations duties. Of the missions she carried out, three stand out among the rest. ==Operation Flagpole== ''Seraph'' first saw action in support of Operation Torch, the Allied landings in North Africa; her first combat mission, under the command of Lieutenant Norman "Bill" Jewell, was carrying out a periscope reconnaissance of the Algerian coast during the last two weeks of September 1942. Upon her return to Gibraltar, ''Seraph'' was assigned to Operation Flagpole, the carrying of General Dwight Eisenhower's deputy, Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, to North Africa for secret negotiations with Vichy French officers. Loaded with collapsible canoes, submachine guns, walkie-talkies, and other supplies, the submarine carried Clark, two other United States Army generals, United States Navy Captain Jerauld Wright, several other officers, and three British Commandos. ''Seraph'' then sailed to the Algerian coast on 19 October 1942. On the night of 20 October her passengers disembarked ashore. The operation was very important as it helped to reduce French opposition to the Torch landings (although the French were not informed that the troop ships were already on their way and the landings were due in just a few days). General Clark and his party were then picked up on 25 October by the submarine after some inadvertent delays. After an uneventful return journey, ''Seraph'' landed her party in Gibraltar on 25 October. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Seraph (P219)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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